明清时期的山西代州冯氏——以《代州冯氏族谱》为中心

冯火求_2

本文以民国时期的山西《代州冯氏族谱》为中心，考察代州冯氏的发展历史以及宗族建设的情况，分析该家族得以兴盛的原因。笔者认为，代州冯氏在明中期作为军户由山东寿光迁居山西代州，后由经营盐业积累了大量财富，为族人进行科举考试奠定了物质基础。代州冯氏从第四世开始兴起，科甲蝉联，成为代州望族。兴盛之后的冯氏族人进行续修族谱等宗族建设活动，提升冯氏宗族在当地的地位与影响力。此外，每逢朝代更替的变革时期，该宗族都能够迅速、主动地向新政权靠拢，使冯氏宗族得以绵延四百余年仍然名人辈出。不过，从总体上来看，冯氏宗族的物质设施不是非常完备，祭田很少，但是在族人的日常生活中，宗族观念也有相当的表现，一定程度上反映出北方宗族的某些特点。

   Based on The Genealogy of the Feng Lineage in Daizhou compiled in the Republic of China, this paper examines development of the Feng lineage in Daizhou and reasons for its prosperity. The Feng lineage, a military household moved from Shouguang, Shandong, to Daizhou, Shanxi, in the mid-Ming Dynasty, made so great a fortune from salt trade that it could afford the preparations for its members to take part in the imperial examination. The Feng lineage, rose from the fourth generation because of the successes in the imperial examinations, gradually became a prominent lineage in Daizhou and enhanced the local status and influence by genealogy compiling and many other measures. The lineage tried its best to approach the new regime positively whenever there was a political change and kept its prosperity for more than 400 years and produced many celebrities.